أساسيات علم الأحياء الجزيئي Basics of Molecular Biology (DNA, RNA, Central Dogma, Applications)

This course provides a foundational understanding of molecular biology, emphasizing the structure and function of DNA, RNA, and proteins. It explores key processes such as replication, transcription, and translation

Course Structure 

 Module 1: Introduction to Molecular Biology (Week 1)  

 Overview of molecular biology and its importance - 

 The cell as the functional unit of life-  

 Biomolecules: DNA, RNA, and proteins - 

 History and milestones in molecular biology - 

 Module 2: DNA and RNA Structure (Week 2)  

 Structure and properties of DNA -  

 Complementary base pairing and double helix structure -  

RNA structure and its types (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) - 

 DNA vs. RNA: Differences and roles - 

 Module 3: DNA Replication (Week 3)  

 Mechanisms of DNA replication -  

 Role of enzymes (e.g., DNA polymerase, helicase, ligase) -  

 Semi-conservative nature of replication -  

 Replication errors and mutations - 

 Module 4: Transcription and Translation (Week 4)  

 Transcription: From DNA to RNA (initiation, elongation, termination) - 

 RNA processing: Splicing, capping, and polyadenylation - 

 Translation: From RNA to protein (codons, tRNA, ribosome function) - 

 The genetic code and its universality - 

 Module 5: Gene Regulation and [removed]Week 5)  

 Central dogma of molecular biology -

 Regulatory elements in gene expression -

 Epigenetics: Role of methylation and histones -

 Impact of mutations on gene expression -

 Module 6: Molecular Biology Techniques (Week 6)  

 Introduction to common techniques: PCR, gel electrophoresis, blotting methods - 

 DNA sequencing and genome analysis  -

 CRISPR and genetic editing tools  -

 Molecular biology in diagnostics and research  -

 Module 7: Applications and Future of Molecular Biology (Week 7)  

 Biotechnology applications: Drug design, vaccines, GMOs -

 Molecular biology in medicine: Gene therapy, precision medicine -

 Ethical considerations in molecular biology -

 Future trends and research areas -