affects the large intestine or colon and causes problems with passing stool. 

This is due to the absence of nerve cells in the muscles of the baby's colon. 

These nerve cells are crucial as they stimulate the muscles in the walls of the large intestine, helping to move stool along to the anus.

**Symptoms**

In newborns, the most obvious sign is the failure to have a bowel movement within 48 hours after birth.

 Other symptoms in newborns may include a swollen belly, vomiting, constipation, gas, and diarrhea.

 In older children, symptoms can include chronic constipation, gas, failure to thrive, and fatigue.

**Causes and Risk Factors**

The exact cause of Hirschsprung's disease is unclear. It occurs when nerve cells in the colon don't form completely.

 Certain factors may increase the risk of Hirschsprung's disease, including having a sibling with the disease, being male, 

and having other inherited conditions such as Down syndrome.

**Diagnosis and Treatment**

Diagnosis is based on physical exam, medical history, and test results. Tests may include a barium enema, biopsy, and manometry. 

The condition can be treated surgically, with procedures such as the pull-through procedure and bowel resection with colostomy.

**Complications**

Complications can occur after surgery, including enterocolitis, narrowing of the anus, diarrhea, and constipation.