شرح كيمياء طبية مقدمة 

acidic and basic functional groups 

Acid-base chemistry is .the foundational principle for how drugs behave in the human body. The \(pK_{a}\) of a drug dictates its ionization state, determining its solubility, lipophilicity, and membrane permeability across physiological environments. It is a vital factor in pharmaceutical formulation and pharmacokinetics.