Introduction to the Gross Anatomy of the Heart

Surfaces:

• Sternocostal Surface: The anterior surface of the heart, facing the ribs and sternum.

• Diaphragmatic Surface: The inferior surface, resting on the diaphragm.

• Pulmonary Surface: The surface facing the lungs.

• Base (Posterior Surface): The back surface, opposite the apex.

Size and Position:

• Size: The heart is roughly the size of a clenched fist, measuring about 12 cm in length, 8.5 cm in width, and 6 cm in thickness.

• Position: Located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs, with two-thirds of its mass to the left of the midline and one-third to the right. The base is directed posteriorly, and the apex points anteriorly and to the left.

Mediastinum:

• Location: The heart is situated in the middle mediastinum, a central compartment of the thoracic cavity.

• Surroundings: It is enclosed by the pericardium, a double-layered sac, and is surrounded by major blood vessels, including the aorta, pulmonary arteries, and veins.